Exercise 1
1. I have been elected consul by the votes of the Roman people; you are favoured by the enemies of the human race.
Populi Romani suffragiis consul ego factus sum, tibi favetur ab hostibus generis humani.
2. The town had now been blockaded for three days; it was taken by assault on the fourth day.
Tres dies oppidum iam obsessum erat; quarto die expugnatum est.
3. I sent three messengers to you in the month (of) January.
Tres nuntios ad te mense Ianuario misi.
4. If you are obeyed, I shall be spared.
Si parebitur tibi, mihi parcetur.
5. That district had been laid waste by the enemy with fire and sword.
Ille ager ab hostibus ferro et igni vastatus erat.
6. I am envied, but you are despised.
Invidetur mihi, tu vero contemneris.
7. Fortune favours the brave, but sometimes envies the fortunate.
Fortibus favet Fortuna, sed aliquando invidet felicibus.
8. Having arrived at the city at daybreak, he sent for the chiefs.
Cum ad urbem prima luce pervenisset, principes arcessivit.
9. I never injured you, but you have always envied me, and you hate my friends.
Tibi ego nocui numquam, semper vero mihi tu invidisti et amicos meos odisti.
10. Having heard this, he halted for three hours, but at mid-day began his march again.
Quo audito, tres horas constitit, meridie vero iter rursus incepit.
11. Having spoken thus and having stretched forth his right hand, he showed him the way.
Haec locutus porrecta dextra viam ei monstravit.
Exercise 2A
1. I was made king by the votes of the whole nation.
Suffragiis omnium civium factus sum rex.
2. He attained to the highest offices in (his) native country.
Summos in patria sua magistratus consecutus est.
3. I hate the din of cities; the country is always most pleasing to me.
Odi strepitum urbium; rus mihi gratissimum semper est.
4. Our forefathers acquired this district by the sword.
Hanc regionem ferro maiores nostri adepti sunt.
5. The whole world was at that time obedient to the empire of Rome.
Eo tempore omnes gentes imperio populi Romani parebant.
6. He reigned long; the crown which he had acquired by violence he held to the great advantage of the nation.
Regnabat diu; regnum quod vi adeptus erat, summo usui civitati obtinebat.
7. He was a most famous orator, and all the world admired him greatly.
Erat orator praeclarissimus, quem omnes gentes maxime admirabantur.
8. He was most dear to the whole nation, for he was ever ready to do all things for the country.
Omnibus civibus ille fuit carissimus, semper enim facere pro patria volebat.
9. He received a mortal wound (while) fighting for his native land.
Pro patria pugnans vulneratum mortiferum accepit.
10. At last he held his peace; he had said much (neut. pl.) and (spoken) long.
Tandem conticuit; multa et diu dixerat.
11. He succeeded to the crown (while) a boy; (as) king he attained to the highest glory.
Regnum excepit puer; rex ad gloriam summam pervenit.
12. He never attained to his father’s glory, but all things that were vile he always hated.
Gloriam patris adeptus est numquam, semper vero omnia quae erant turpia oderat.
13. He foretold the ruin of his country.
Exitium civitatis suae praedixit.
Exercise 2B
1. Not even the vilest of mankind wished to injure his own father
Ne turpissimus quidem hominum nocere patri suo volebat.
2. Yesterday he returned from Naples, to-morrow he will set out from Italy to Spain.
Neapoli rediit heri; cras ab Italia ad Hispaniam proficiscetur.
3. No one in the world is more secure against violence; for no one ever consulted to such a degree the interests of the country.
Nemo umquam est tutior a vi; neque enim quisquam rei publicae tantum consuluit.
4. Having obtained the throne by violence, he yet became before long most dear to the whole nation.
Regnum vi adeptus, toti tamen populo mox carissimus factus est.
5. On the fourth day after his father’s death he ascended the throne, on the fifth he was saluted Emperor by the soldiers, on the sixth, having led his army into the enemy’s country, he was wounded by his own sword while he was mounting his horse.
Die quarto post patris mortem regnum consecutus, quinto a militibus imperator salutatus, sexto, cum exercitum in hostium fines duxisset, suo gladio dum equum conscendit vulneratus est.
6. No one was ever more famous, and no one ever attained to higher (greater) rank, or acquired such wealth; yet he was dear to few, hated by many, and no one ever did his country greater harm.
Nemo praeclarior erat umquam, ac nemo ad maiorem dignitatem perveniebat umquam vel tantas divitias adipiscebatur, paucis tamen carus, multis odio erat, nec quisquam suae civitati magis nocebat umquam.
7. You are obeyed by no one, yet your father was the ruler of a mighty nation.
A nullo parebitur tibi, tuus vero pater civitati potenti imperabat.
8. That deed of yours will never be pardoned by your countrymen.
Tuo numquam facinori a tuis civibus ignoscetur.
Exercise 3A
N.B. The underlined words in italics are meant to be expressed by participle and any following conjunction omitted.
1. We were all craving peace, for we had carried on a long and bloody war.
Pacem omnes desiderabant, bellum enim diuturnum ac cruentem gesseramus.
2. They at last surrendered the city, which had been besieged for eight months.
Tandem urbem octo menses obsessam dediderunt.
3. He prays for peace and leisure, but he will never obtain these things.
Pacem otiumque quae numquam adipiscetur optat.
4. All the world is looking for war, but heaven will bestow upon us the peace for which we pray.
Omnes gentes exspectant bellum, pacem vero quam optamus nobis dei largientur.
5. Then he turned towards his friends, and in vain endeavoured to look up at them.
Deinde ad (amicos) suos versus suscipere frustra conatus est.
6. He looked round for his friends, but all for whom he looked round had deserted him.
Suos (amicos) circumspexit, sed omnes quos circumspiciebat ab eo defecerat.
7. The enemy had swarmed out of the gates and were mingling with our soldiers.
Hostes a portis effusi nostris immiscebantur.
8. The multitude which had gathered together in the morning dispersed before noon.
Multitudo quae mane convenerat se ante meridiem dissipavit.
9. Many rocks were rolling down from the mountains, and one of our guides was struck by a vast mass and received a mortal wound.
Multa saxa de montibus devolvebantur et unus de ducibus nostris mole ingenti percussus vulnus mortiferum accepit.
10. On that fatal day I craved for you, but you were absent in the country.
Die funesto ego te desideravi, tu verum ruri aberas.
11. A vast multitude had flocked together, and was now waiting for the return of the exiles.
Maxima congregata multitudo reditum exsulum iam exspectabat.
Exercise 4B
1. Both your brother and you were at that time in exile; my father and I were at home. exposed to the fury and cruelty of our deadliest enemies. We had provoked no one either by words or acts, yet we endured much; long and sorely we sighed in vain for freedom and safety; now you and I are secure and free from care, and no one will any longer inflict on us injury or wrong.
Eo tempore exsulabatis et tu et frater tuus; et ego et pater, hominum furori et crudelitate inimicissimorum obiecti, domi eramus. Vel verbis vel factis nullum lacessiveramus, nos tamen multum passi sumus. Libertatem salutemque multum et diu frustra desideravimus; et ego et tu nunc sumus tuto et securi, nec quisquam nos vel damno vel iniuria iam diutius afficiet.
2. Freed from the barbarous tyranny of an alien race, we have spared those who had most cruelly oppressed our country, (and) we have pardoned those who in (the face of) national ruin had neglected the welfare of the nation, and were consulting merely their own interests; but neither you nor I will any longer consent to forgive the offences of these men, or to listen to those who, having obtained rank and riches by the vilest arts, are now urging upon us a dishonourable peace.
Dominatione gentis externae barbara liberati, nos eis, qui civitatem nostram crudelissime vexerant, pepercimus atque eis, qui tantum sibi communi in calamitate, neglecta civitatis salute, consulebant, ignoscivimus. Sed neque ego neque tu peccatis istorum ignoscere iam diutius vel volemus vel audire istos qui dignitatem divitiasque artibus turpissimis adepti, nobis nunc suadent pacem improbam.
Exercise 5
1. He had waged many wars, he answered, and was now sighing for peace and repose.
Respondit se multa bella gessisse et pacem otiumque iam desiderare.
2. He says that he has not sinned.
Se peccavisse negat.
3. Both you and your brother, he replied, were in good health.
Et te et fratrem tuum valere respondit.
4. He perceived that the enemy would soon attack the city.
Hostes brevi tempore oppugnaturos esse urbem sensit.
5. He says that Caesar will not break the laws.
Caesarem perfracturum esse leges negat.
6. It is plain that the place pleases you.
Est manifestum locum tibi placere.
7. It was plain that the place pleased you.
Erat manifestum locum tibi placere.
8. It was plain that the place had pleased you.
Erat manifestum locum tibi placuisse.
9. Pompey believed that his countrymen would, one and all, follow him.
Credidit Pompeius cives se secuturos fuisse omnes.
10. The soldiers said that they had not taken up arms against their country and the laws.
Negaverunt milites se arma contra patriam suam et leges sumpsisse.
11. Brave men, remember, are trained by toils.
Memento fortes viri laboribus exercitatos.
12. The soldiers answered that they would have gladly attacked the town in the preceding year, but that now they hoped for repose.
Responderunt milites se proximo anno oppidum libenter oppugnaturos fuisse, sed iam sperare otium.
13. Having returned to the camp, he said that he had ridden past the enemies' line, and had an interview with their general.
Cum ad castra rediisset, se hostium aciem equo praetervectum atque eorum ducem convenisse dixit.
Exercise 6A
1. Solon pretended to be out of his mind.
Simulavit Solon insanire.
2. I will pretend, says he, to be out of my mind.
"Me," inquit, "insanire simulabo."
3. He promised to come to London shortly.
Brevi tempore Londinium se venturum pollicitus est.
4. I hope that you will have a satisfactory voyage.
Spero te ex sententia navigaturum.
5. He hopes to obtain the crown presently.
Se esse mox accepturum regnum sperat.
6. He was pretending to be quite mad.
Se insanire simulabat.
7. Caesar threatened to lay waste our country with fire and sword.
Minatus est Caesar se agrum nostrum ferro et igni vastaturum esse.
8. He replied that he had had a satisfactory voyage.
Se ex sententia navigavisse respondit.
9. He swore to finish the business by force.
Iuravit se negotium perfecturum esse vi.
10. He says that he will not return home earlier than the fifth day.Se ante diem quintum domum rediturum negat.
11. He replied that he had not yet seen his sister, but (that he) hoped to find both her and her husband at home.
Respondit se sororem suam nondum vidisse, sed sperat se esse et illam et eius virum domi repperturum.
12. The army hoped that the land of the enemy would now be laid waste with fire and sword.
vel: Speravit exercitus agrum hostium ferro et igni iam vastatum iri.
vel:Speravit exercitus iam fore ut ager hostium ferro et igni vasteretur.
13. He hopes soon to attain to the highest honours, but I believe that he will never win them.
Mox sperat se ad honores summos petiturum quos credo eum esse consecuturum numquam.
14. I rejoice greatly that your nation (which has been) so long oppressed by a cruel foe, but at last asserted its freedom by the sword.
Tuam civitatem tam diu ab hostibus crudelibus vexatam, tandem armis in libertatem suam vindicavisse magnopere gaudeo.
15. I have not, says she, yet seen my sister, but I hope to find both her and her husband at home.
"Meam sororem," inquit ea, "nondum vidi, sed spero me domi et eam et virum eius repperturam esse."
Exercise 6B
1. You and I were, he replied, in the country with your brother, and would not return to Naples on the first of August. I believe that he made a great mistake, and that not designedly but by pure accident; for I do not imagine that he would have endeavoured to deceive a friend and guest; but we shall, it is plain, be looked for in vain both by your father and my relations.
Respondit ille et me et te ruri esse apud fratrem tuum nec Neapolim Kalendis Augustis redituros esse. Credo eum vehementer erravisse neque id consulto sed forte ac casu. Neque enim se fallere amicum et hospitem conaturum fuisse existimo. Sed manifestum est nos a patre tuo et meis necessariis exspectatum iri frustra.
2. He ascertained that the weather had changed, and that the crowd, which had gathered together in the morning, would soon disperse. He hoped therefore before night to be able to leave his house, and reach our camp in safety. Having arrived there, he wished to have an interview with Caesar, whom he hoped to join, and from whom he was anxious to obtain safety and assistance; for he hoped by his aid to attain to the highest rank and office in his own nation.
Tempestate iam mutata, multitudinem quae mane convenisset, mox dilapsuram esse cognovit. Sperabat igitur se fore ut ante noctem domo discedere ac pervenire ad castra nostra tuto posset. Quo cum pervenisset, convenire Caesarem volebat, ad quem se esse additurum sperabat et a quo securitatem auxiliumque consequi cupiebat. Suo enim auxilio consecuturum esse dignitatem ac magistratum summum in sua civitate sperabat.
Exercise 7A
1. I had rather keep my promises than be the richest man in the world.
Stare in promissis meis malo quam ditissimus gentium omnium esse.
2. I begin to be troublesome to you.
Molestus tibi ego fieri coepi.
3. Cease then to be cowards and begin to become patriots.
Desistite igitur esse ignavi ac cives optimi fieri incipite.
4. He resolved to return at once to Rome and become a good member of the state.
Romam statim redire ac fieri civis bonus visum est.
5. It seems that he was unwilling to become king, and preferred to be a private person.
Videtur fieri rex noluisse et privatus malebat.
6. It is said that by the verdict of the jury you had been freed from all blame.
Ferunt te sententiis iudicum liberatum esse omne culpa.
7. Having resolved to be a candidate for office, I ventured to return home and ask for your votes.
Ego, cum magistratum petere visum esset, domum redire ac poposcere vestra suffragia ausus sum.
8. We would rather die free than live (as) slaves.
Mori liberi malumus quam servi vivere.
9. There is a tradition that he refused to accept the crown (when) offered by the nation and (its) chief men.
Tradunt illum noluisse regnum a populo et principibus delatum accipere.
10. It was clear that the destined day was now at hand; but the townsmen were unwilling either to despair or to surrender.
Diem fatalem iam adesse apparebat, oppidani vero vel desperare vel se dedere nolebant.
11. He said that he had neither broken his word nor deceived the nation.
Negavit se vel fidem fefellisse vel civitatem decepisse.
12. The senate and people resolved that ambassadors should be sent to Pyrrhus.
Visum est senatui populoque legatos ad Pyrrhum mittere.
Exercise 7B
1. News was now brought to me that my brother, having been struck by a javelin, and exhausted by many serious wounds, was no longer able to either keep the saddle, or lead his men against the enemy. Having heard this, I was much affected, for I could neither hurry to him as I wished to do, nor did I expect that he would be able any longer to keep the enemy in check. It seemed, moreover, that the soldiers who were with me were losing heart, and it was said that the enemy was expecting large reinforcements before night, and would soon take the offensive. I resolved therefore to try to finish the matter by a single charge.
Est iam mihi nuntiatum fratrem meum iaculo percussum et multis vulneribus gravibus defessum, vel in equo haerere vel in hostes suos ducere non valere iam diutius. Qua re audita multum commotus sum, neque enim contendere, id quod facere volebam,
ad eum poteram, neque sperabam fore ut ille hostes continere diutius posset. Videbantur autem milites, qui mecum erant, animo deficere ac dicebantur hostes subsidia magna ante noctem exspectare et arma sua illaturi esse mox. Uno igitur impetu mihi conficere rem conari visum est.
2. Your brother was, he said, a man of kindly heart, and abounded in wealth and resources; and he was sure that he would never desert his friends, nor wish such a blow to be inflicted on his own relations.
Dixit fratrem tuum esse virum ingenio benigno ac divitiis opibusque abundare, et pro certo se habere neque amicis suis umquam defuturum esse neque se suos tanta calamitate affici velle.
3. It seems that he had resolved to become consul in that year, but that he pretended to be craving for repose and quiet.
Statuisse illo anno fieri consul videtur, sed simulavisse otium tranquillitatem desiderare.
4. He was unwilling, he replied, to despair, but would rather be in exile than be a slave.
Respondit se desperare nolle sed malle potius exsulare quam servire.
Exercise 8A
1. He said that he would never banish the good and the wise.
Negavit se bonos sapientesque umquam e civitate pulsurum esse.
2. We are all ignorant of much.
Multa omnes ignoramus.
3. He said that courage and cowardice were contrary to each other.
Virtutem et ignaviam inter se contrarias esse dixit.
4. It appears that he was banished with you, not by the dictator himself, but by a praiseworthy vote of the senate.
Non a dictatore ipso, senatus vero consulto laudabili videtur tecum e civitate pulsus esse.
5. He resolved to abandon the aristocratic and to join the popular party.
Ab optimatibus desciscere statuit et ad populares se adiungere.
6. He said that rashness and change of purpose were not to be praised.
Negavit temeritatem et inconstantiam laudandas esse.
7. He was an excellent youth, and a most faithful friend to me; he had much conversation with me that day about the future.
Erat adulscens egregius et mihi amicus fidelissimus de rebus futuris illo die mecum multa collocutus est.
8. Having returned to Rome, he promised to transact everything for his father.
Cum Romam rediisset, pro suo patre omnia se acturum est pollicitus.
9. The army was led by Hannibal through many pathless defiles, and across many broad rivers, many lofty mountains, and unhealthy marshes, into the country of the enemy.
Ab Hannibale per saltus multos inviosque et trans flumina multa latque et montes multos altosque et paludes pestilentes in hostium patriam exercitus ductus est.
10. You will scarcely venture to deny that duty was sometimes at variance with interest.
Negare officium cum utilitate aliquando pugnavisse vix audebis.
11. I know that your forefathers ventured on many glorious enterprises.
Scio maiores tuos illa praeclara ausos esse.
12. He makes many promises, many threats, but I believe that he will accomplish very little.
Multa pollicetur et multa minatur, sed ego perpauca eum confecturum esse credo.
Exercise 8B
1. You, said he, were meditating on the past; I was attempting to foretell the future. I now perceive that both you and I were mistaken.
Te de praeteritis cogitare dicebat et ego praedicere futura conabar, sed nunc intellego et me et te erravisse.
2. He tells (us) that he had been driven by these brothers, his deadly enemies, from his throne and native land; that they are persecuting with unjust proclamations and decrees all the well-affected, all the wise; that no one's property or good name is spared; that rich and poor are alike oppressed.
Nobis narrat et se regno ac patria expulsum esse ab his fratribus inimicis infestis suis, et quos iniquissimis edictis ac decretis bonos sapientesque omnes insectare et quod vel bonis nullis vell nulli nomini parci, et divites ac pauperes pariter vexari.
3. I hope to write a list of the many striking sayings of your grandfather.
Spero me dicta tui avi multa et praeclarissima perscripturum esse.
4. These objects, said he, did our forefathers pursue; these hopes did they form; these traditions they have handed down to posterity.
"Et haec," inquit, "nostri maiores secuti sunt, et haec speraverunt, et haec posteris tradiderunt."
5. It is allowed that many noble deeds were done by him.
Constat ab eo multa et praeclara facta esse.
6. I rejoice that you spoke little and thought much.
Te pauca dixisse et multa cogitavisse gaudeo.
7. It is said that many merchant vessels were shattered and sunk or driven on shore by many violent storms last winter.
Ferunt multae mercatorum naves proxima hieme multis et vehementibus tempestatibus esse vel perfractae vel demersae vel in litora eiectae.
Exercise 8C
1. He talked very little about the past; about the future his hopes were high, but he perceived that he was at variance on this question with many excellent men; and he preferred being silent to disagreeing with them. Neither you nor I can think that he was mistaken, for we know that his good sense, honesty, and courage were worthy of all praise.
Perpauca de praeteritis locutus est. Magna de futuris sperabat, sed sensit in hac causa pugnare cum multis viris optimis, quibuscum tacere quam dissentire malebat. Neque ego neque tu putare eum erravisse possumus, nos enim scimus laude omni dignam fuisse et prudentiam eius et probitatem et fortitudinem.
2. He promised to send me a letter on the 15th of March, and made many other fine pretences; but he has neither kept his promises, nor does he any longer venture to make a secret of having purposely broken his word.
Pollicitus est se ad me epistulam missurum esse Idibus Martiis atque ille multa et alia et pulchra est mentitus, sed neque promissis suis stetit neque dissimulare iam diutius audet se consulto fidem fefellisse.
3. He threatens, they say, to take from me all the distinctions which I have obtained from the senate and people of Rome; for myself, I hardly think he will succeed in this design.
Dicunt eum minari se omnes honores quos a senatu populoque Romano consecutus erim mihi adempturum esse; quod equidem consilium eum perfecturum esse puto vix.
4. He would rather, he replied, obey the most unjust laws than be at variance with true patriots and disagree with every sensible man.
Respondit fore ut mallet legibus iniustissimis parere quam cum bonis civibus pugnare et a prudentissimo quoque dissentire.
5. We scarcely dare to hope that your brother will return to Rome and imitate the noble acts of his forefathers; but all his contemporaries can guarantee that he will never desert his friends, or break his word, or join the enemies of his native land.
Vix audemus sperare Romam rediturum esse fratrem tuum et acta maiorum suorum praeclarissima imitaturum; aequales vero omnes possunt spondere vel a suis amicis defuturum vel fidem falsurum vel se hostibus patriae adiuncturum numquam.
Exercise 9A
1. He said that the management of other people's affairs was always exceedingly troublesome.
Dixit procurationem rerum alienarum semper molestissimum.
2. In this universal panic your brother was the first to recover himself.
In omnium pavore primus se recepit frater tuus.
3. I obeyed, said he, the law in my youth; I will not break it in my old age.
"Legibus," inquit, "parebam adulescens, senex non violabo."
4. I was the first to venture on these enterprises; I will be the last to relinquish them.
Haec ausus sum primus et ultimus omittam.
5. In his lifetime we neglected this poet; after his death we honour him with a state funeral, a marble tomb, many beautiful monuments, and every kind of distinction.
Eum poetam nelegebamus vivum, mortuum vero et funere publico et sepulcro marmoreo, et multis pulcherrimisque monumentis, et omni denique honore ornamus.
6. The king, having been the first to reach the summit of the mountain, looked down in silence on the fair plains spread beneath his eye (pl.).
Rex, cum ad summum montem pervenisset primus, tacitus campos amoenissimos in oculis subiectos despexit.
7. He turned to his companions and pointed out the farmhouse in which he had been born, and brought up in his boyhood; too late, said he, had fortune changed.
Ad suos adversus monstravit villam in qua erat natus et puer educatus. Dixit fortunam se mutavisse sero.
8. He promised to supply the army of Rome with food and clothing.
Pollicitus est se victum vestitumque exercitui Romano suppeditaturum esse.
9. I read through the whole of his proclamation in silence; it seemed to me that he who wrote and posted it up (when) written was out of his mind.
Tacitus hoc edictum totum perlegi; insanire mihi visus est qui scripsit et scriptum fixit.
10. He was unanimously acquitted with universal consent to the highest office in the nation.
Omnium iudicio absolutus domum tutus rediit; postero anno ad summum in civitiate magistratum omnium consensu adeptus est.
11. The soldiers, having gathered together in crowds, listened to his speech in silence.
Milites cum frequentes convenissent, orationem taciti audiebant.
12. I entrust myself wholly to your good faith and kindness.
Me totum fidei tuae et beneficio permitto.
13. No one can with a good conscience deny that your brother returned home in safety by a miraculous interposition.
Nemo pie negare fratrem tuum divinitus incolumem domum rediisse potest.
Exercise 9B
1. You (pl.) have come here manifestly with reluctance and you say that you will not wait any longer for the arrival of your friends, who will, you think, be far from secure in our camp. For myself, I have promised you again and again to say nothing about the past, and I have resolved both to pardon you, and to spare them. But you apparently expect that in the hour of triumph I shall break my word and act towards you and them with the height of treachery. I know that you can scarcely believe that I am speaking the truth, and that you are silently despairing both of your own and your children;s safety. What falsehood have I ever told? When have I ever broken my word?
Vos huc venisse invitos manifestum est et negatis vos diutius exspectaturos esse adventum vestrorum quos in castris nostris parum tutos fore putatis. Equidem saepissime pollicitus sum me de praeteritis nihil dicturum esse ac ego et tibi ignoscere et eis parcere decrevi. Vos vero videmini exspectare me hora victoriae fidem falsurum et perfidia in vobis eisque summa usurum esse. Scio vos vix posse credere me vera dicere, ac tacitos vos de salute et vestrorum et liberorum desperare. Quae mentitus sum umquam? Vbi fidem fefelli umquam?
2. It is said that the king himself was the only one of the whole of his army to ride in safety past the fatal marsh (pl.) and the first to reach the foot of the mountains, whence on the next day he mournfully and reluctantly led back his troops. He never again ventured to fgorm such high hopes or embark on great enterprises. It seemed that as he had been the first to hope for the best, so he was the first to abandon his undertaking; he preferred to appear fickle and cowardly rather than to bring ruin and destruction to his country.
Rex ipse dicitur solus ex toto exercitu paludes mortiferas tutus praetervectus esse et primus ad imos montes pervenisse unde postridie copias suas maestus invitusque reduxit. Nec umquam postea et summa sperare et illa magna moliri ausus est. Sicut optima sperare primus, ita primus visus est incepta sua omittere. Malebat levis ignavusque videri quam in civitatem suam inferre perniciem ac exitium.
Exercise 10
1. Those who were in agreement with you yesterday, to-day entirely disagree (with you).
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
2. Both you and I despise the one who would rather be a slave with riches than free with poverty.
Circiter tribus ante annis dixi me neminem umquam vidisse qui tuum fratrem vel virtute vel ingenio praecederet, at ille his duobus annis fieri severior et asperior in dies videtur ac non diutius tanti illum aestimo quanti antea.
Post dies fere viginti quam redierat ab India, tuum patrem vidi. Eius vel mentis aciem vel vim animi senectus nondum hebetaverat, exercitum autem in aetate provecta his sex mensibus duxit ac maxime vicit.
Errore diei deceptus ego te existimabam Athenis plus sex mensibus esse commoratum.
Qua de re satis dixi nec iam te retinebo; abhinc sex menses dicere plura potui.
Spero eum cum Romam pervenerit apud me commoraturum esse.
Videtur hic annus esse ad rei publicae interitum fatalis.
Illi extra culpam plerique credunt nec quisquam existimat tam bonum civem aliquid contra rem publicam facturum fuisse.
Acie sua trans ripam Danubi instructa, nostri, qui iter secundum flumen iampridem faciebant, prope alteram ripam adversus hostium castra constiterunt.
Tibi per me licuit ut domum Londini ad amicos redires. Utrum abieris necne penes te est.
Inter te atque ceteros hoc interest: apud illos hic propter tot merita in rem publicam sua multum; nihil valet ob eandem causam apud te.
Invitavisse tuum filium ad cenam apud se in tertium diem videtur; quo ex tempore nulli amici illum usquam viderunt.
Ad hostes, iam egressos ac deinde intra telorum iactum progressos, nostri pila conicere et repellere ad naves conari.
Tantum erat gaudium eis in praesens, in posterum tanta spes ut quid re vera fieret nemo suspicaret.
In me summa cum ira invectus consedit ille; ego ad haec respondi perpauca.
Arbores, quae multae altaeque secundum viam stabant, praetervectus prope portam tandem constiti.
N.B. The underlined words in italics are meant to be expressed by participle and any following conjunction omitted.
1. We were all craving peace, for we had carried on a long and bloody war.
Pacem omnes desiderabant, bellum enim diuturnum ac cruentem gesseramus.
2. They at last surrendered the city, which had been besieged for eight months.
Tandem urbem octo menses obsessam dediderunt.
3. He prays for peace and leisure, but he will never obtain these things.
Pacem otiumque quae numquam adipiscetur optat.
4. All the world is looking for war, but heaven will bestow upon us the peace for which we pray.
Omnes gentes exspectant bellum, pacem vero quam optamus nobis dei largientur.
5. Then he turned towards his friends, and in vain endeavoured to look up at them.
Deinde ad (amicos) suos versus suscipere frustra conatus est.
6. He looked round for his friends, but all for whom he looked round had deserted him.
Suos (amicos) circumspexit, sed omnes quos circumspiciebat ab eo defecerat.
7. The enemy had swarmed out of the gates and were mingling with our soldiers.
Hostes a portis effusi nostris immiscebantur.
8. The multitude which had gathered together in the morning dispersed before noon.
Multitudo quae mane convenerat se ante meridiem dissipavit.
9. Many rocks were rolling down from the mountains, and one of our guides was struck by a vast mass and received a mortal wound.
Multa saxa de montibus devolvebantur et unus de ducibus nostris mole ingenti percussus vulnus mortiferum accepit.
10. On that fatal day I craved for you, but you were absent in the country.
Die funesto ego te desideravi, tu verum ruri aberas.
11. A vast multitude had flocked together, and was now waiting for the return of the exiles.
Maxima congregata multitudo reditum exsulum iam exspectabat.
Exercise 3B
1. For three days we waited for you (pl.) and hoped in vain for your arrival. On the fourth day the Indians, who were blockading our camp, dispersed and took their departure: a circumstance which gave us freedom from long-continued fear and anxiety.
Vos tres dies exspectabamus et vestrum adventum desiderabamus. Indi, qui castra nostra obsidebant, dilapsi quarto die abierunt, id quod nos timore curaque diurtina liberavit.
2. You (pl.) crave for freedom, and are going to fight for your native land, for your altars and hearths; these (men) pray for peace, and are afraid of the hardships and toils of war. You I honour, them I despise.
Pugnaturi pro patria et aris et focis, vos libertatem desideratis; ii pacem optantes et molestias et belli labores timent. Honorem habeo vobis, istos contemno.
3. Your riches increase daily, but they neither increase your leisure nor bring you either happiness or peace of mind.
In dies singulos crescunt divitiae tuae, sed neque otium augent neque tibi vel vitam beatam vel securitatem afferunt.
4. Your native land, which was once the ruler of many nations, is now most cruelly oppressed by the vilest enemy, whom lately you both despised and hated.
Patria tua quae multis gentibus quondam imperabat, nunc ab hostibus turpissimis, quos nuper et contemnebas et oderas, crudelissime vexatur.
5. I am waiting here in vain for the arrival of the soldiers whom I sent for yesterday; the enemy's forces are increasing daily, and we shall soon despair of peace.
Adventum militum quos heri arcessivi frustra exspecto; in dies singulos crescunt copiae hostium et nos de pace brevi tempore desperabamus.
6. By a bloody and long-continued war we have freed our country and repelled from our walls a haughty foe; we now pray for peace.
Bello cruento et diurtino patriam liberavimus et a moenibus nostris hostes superbos pepulimus; pacem nunc optamus.
7. Having advanced into the thick of the battle, he received a mortal wound; while dying, he foretold the ruin of his nation and the triumph of the enemy.
In medium proelium progressus, vulnus mortiferum accepit et moribundus civitatis suae interitum victoriamque hostium praedixit.
1. For three days we waited for you (pl.) and hoped in vain for your arrival. On the fourth day the Indians, who were blockading our camp, dispersed and took their departure: a circumstance which gave us freedom from long-continued fear and anxiety.
Vos tres dies exspectabamus et vestrum adventum desiderabamus. Indi, qui castra nostra obsidebant, dilapsi quarto die abierunt, id quod nos timore curaque diurtina liberavit.
2. You (pl.) crave for freedom, and are going to fight for your native land, for your altars and hearths; these (men) pray for peace, and are afraid of the hardships and toils of war. You I honour, them I despise.
Pugnaturi pro patria et aris et focis, vos libertatem desideratis; ii pacem optantes et molestias et belli labores timent. Honorem habeo vobis, istos contemno.
3. Your riches increase daily, but they neither increase your leisure nor bring you either happiness or peace of mind.
In dies singulos crescunt divitiae tuae, sed neque otium augent neque tibi vel vitam beatam vel securitatem afferunt.
4. Your native land, which was once the ruler of many nations, is now most cruelly oppressed by the vilest enemy, whom lately you both despised and hated.
Patria tua quae multis gentibus quondam imperabat, nunc ab hostibus turpissimis, quos nuper et contemnebas et oderas, crudelissime vexatur.
5. I am waiting here in vain for the arrival of the soldiers whom I sent for yesterday; the enemy's forces are increasing daily, and we shall soon despair of peace.
Adventum militum quos heri arcessivi frustra exspecto; in dies singulos crescunt copiae hostium et nos de pace brevi tempore desperabamus.
6. By a bloody and long-continued war we have freed our country and repelled from our walls a haughty foe; we now pray for peace.
Bello cruento et diurtino patriam liberavimus et a moenibus nostris hostes superbos pepulimus; pacem nunc optamus.
7. Having advanced into the thick of the battle, he received a mortal wound; while dying, he foretold the ruin of his nation and the triumph of the enemy.
In medium proelium progressus, vulnus mortiferum accepit et moribundus civitatis suae interitum victoriamque hostium praedixit.
Exercise 4A
1. If the army and you are in good health, it is well.
Si valetis et tu et exercitus, bene est.
2. Both you and I have waged many wars for our country.
Et ego et tu multa bella pro patria gessimus.
3. The Gauls were conquered by Caesar before the end of the summer.
Ante finem aestatis Galli a Caesare victi sunt.
4. The flock returned home safe the next day.
Postero die grex incolumis domum rediit.
5. Neither you nor your brother have ever done this.
Hoc umquam fecistis neque tu neque frater tuus.
6. A great number of my countrymen were at that time in exile.
Magna civium pars eo tempore exsulabat.
7. Both you and I have been made consuls by the votes and by the kindness of the Roman people.
Et ego et tu facti sumus consules suffragiis et beneficio populi Romani.
8. I have spared my countrymen, you the Gauls.
Civibus meis ego, tu Gallis pepercisti.
9. Having settled these matters, he returned home on the third day. His rebus constitutis tertio die domum rediit.
10. Clitus was killed by Alexander with a sword.
Clitus ab Alexandro est gladio interfectus.
11. The Roman people and senate decreed many honours to you and your father.
Tibi et patri tuo multos honores decrevit senatus populusque Romanus.
12. Neither you nor I had looked for this reward of all our toil.
Nec ego nec tu hoc praemium omnis laboris nostri exspectaveramus.
1. If the army and you are in good health, it is well.
Si valetis et tu et exercitus, bene est.
2. Both you and I have waged many wars for our country.
Et ego et tu multa bella pro patria gessimus.
3. The Gauls were conquered by Caesar before the end of the summer.
Ante finem aestatis Galli a Caesare victi sunt.
4. The flock returned home safe the next day.
Postero die grex incolumis domum rediit.
5. Neither you nor your brother have ever done this.
Hoc umquam fecistis neque tu neque frater tuus.
6. A great number of my countrymen were at that time in exile.
Magna civium pars eo tempore exsulabat.
7. Both you and I have been made consuls by the votes and by the kindness of the Roman people.
Et ego et tu facti sumus consules suffragiis et beneficio populi Romani.
8. I have spared my countrymen, you the Gauls.
Civibus meis ego, tu Gallis pepercisti.
9. Having settled these matters, he returned home on the third day. His rebus constitutis tertio die domum rediit.
10. Clitus was killed by Alexander with a sword.
Clitus ab Alexandro est gladio interfectus.
11. The Roman people and senate decreed many honours to you and your father.
Tibi et patri tuo multos honores decrevit senatus populusque Romanus.
12. Neither you nor I had looked for this reward of all our toil.
Nec ego nec tu hoc praemium omnis laboris nostri exspectaveramus.
Exercise 4B
1. Both your brother and you were at that time in exile; my father and I were at home. exposed to the fury and cruelty of our deadliest enemies. We had provoked no one either by words or acts, yet we endured much; long and sorely we sighed in vain for freedom and safety; now you and I are secure and free from care, and no one will any longer inflict on us injury or wrong.
Eo tempore exsulabatis et tu et frater tuus; et ego et pater, hominum furori et crudelitate inimicissimorum obiecti, domi eramus. Vel verbis vel factis nullum lacessiveramus, nos tamen multum passi sumus. Libertatem salutemque multum et diu frustra desideravimus; et ego et tu nunc sumus tuto et securi, nec quisquam nos vel damno vel iniuria iam diutius afficiet.
2. Freed from the barbarous tyranny of an alien race, we have spared those who had most cruelly oppressed our country, (and) we have pardoned those who in (the face of) national ruin had neglected the welfare of the nation, and were consulting merely their own interests; but neither you nor I will any longer consent to forgive the offences of these men, or to listen to those who, having obtained rank and riches by the vilest arts, are now urging upon us a dishonourable peace.
Dominatione gentis externae barbara liberati, nos eis, qui civitatem nostram crudelissime vexerant, pepercimus atque eis, qui tantum sibi communi in calamitate, neglecta civitatis salute, consulebant, ignoscivimus. Sed neque ego neque tu peccatis istorum ignoscere iam diutius vel volemus vel audire istos qui dignitatem divitiasque artibus turpissimis adepti, nobis nunc suadent pacem improbam.
Exercise 5
1. He had waged many wars, he answered, and was now sighing for peace and repose.
Respondit se multa bella gessisse et pacem otiumque iam desiderare.
2. He says that he has not sinned.
Se peccavisse negat.
3. Both you and your brother, he replied, were in good health.
Et te et fratrem tuum valere respondit.
4. He perceived that the enemy would soon attack the city.
Hostes brevi tempore oppugnaturos esse urbem sensit.
5. He says that Caesar will not break the laws.
Caesarem perfracturum esse leges negat.
6. It is plain that the place pleases you.
Est manifestum locum tibi placere.
7. It was plain that the place pleased you.
Erat manifestum locum tibi placere.
8. It was plain that the place had pleased you.
Erat manifestum locum tibi placuisse.
9. Pompey believed that his countrymen would, one and all, follow him.
Credidit Pompeius cives se secuturos fuisse omnes.
10. The soldiers said that they had not taken up arms against their country and the laws.
Negaverunt milites se arma contra patriam suam et leges sumpsisse.
11. Brave men, remember, are trained by toils.
Memento fortes viri laboribus exercitatos.
12. The soldiers answered that they would have gladly attacked the town in the preceding year, but that now they hoped for repose.
Responderunt milites se proximo anno oppidum libenter oppugnaturos fuisse, sed iam sperare otium.
13. Having returned to the camp, he said that he had ridden past the enemies' line, and had an interview with their general.
Cum ad castra rediisset, se hostium aciem equo praetervectum atque eorum ducem convenisse dixit.
Exercise 6A
1. Solon pretended to be out of his mind.
Simulavit Solon insanire.
2. I will pretend, says he, to be out of my mind.
"Me," inquit, "insanire simulabo."
3. He promised to come to London shortly.
Brevi tempore Londinium se venturum pollicitus est.
4. I hope that you will have a satisfactory voyage.
Spero te ex sententia navigaturum.
5. He hopes to obtain the crown presently.
Se esse mox accepturum regnum sperat.
6. He was pretending to be quite mad.
Se insanire simulabat.
7. Caesar threatened to lay waste our country with fire and sword.
Minatus est Caesar se agrum nostrum ferro et igni vastaturum esse.
8. He replied that he had had a satisfactory voyage.
Se ex sententia navigavisse respondit.
9. He swore to finish the business by force.
Iuravit se negotium perfecturum esse vi.
10. He says that he will not return home earlier than the fifth day.Se ante diem quintum domum rediturum negat.
11. He replied that he had not yet seen his sister, but (that he) hoped to find both her and her husband at home.
Respondit se sororem suam nondum vidisse, sed sperat se esse et illam et eius virum domi repperturum.
12. The army hoped that the land of the enemy would now be laid waste with fire and sword.
vel: Speravit exercitus agrum hostium ferro et igni iam vastatum iri.
vel:Speravit exercitus iam fore ut ager hostium ferro et igni vasteretur.
13. He hopes soon to attain to the highest honours, but I believe that he will never win them.
Mox sperat se ad honores summos petiturum quos credo eum esse consecuturum numquam.
14. I rejoice greatly that your nation (which has been) so long oppressed by a cruel foe, but at last asserted its freedom by the sword.
Tuam civitatem tam diu ab hostibus crudelibus vexatam, tandem armis in libertatem suam vindicavisse magnopere gaudeo.
15. I have not, says she, yet seen my sister, but I hope to find both her and her husband at home.
"Meam sororem," inquit ea, "nondum vidi, sed spero me domi et eam et virum eius repperturam esse."
Exercise 6B
1. You and I were, he replied, in the country with your brother, and would not return to Naples on the first of August. I believe that he made a great mistake, and that not designedly but by pure accident; for I do not imagine that he would have endeavoured to deceive a friend and guest; but we shall, it is plain, be looked for in vain both by your father and my relations.
Respondit ille et me et te ruri esse apud fratrem tuum nec Neapolim Kalendis Augustis redituros esse. Credo eum vehementer erravisse neque id consulto sed forte ac casu. Neque enim se fallere amicum et hospitem conaturum fuisse existimo. Sed manifestum est nos a patre tuo et meis necessariis exspectatum iri frustra.
2. He ascertained that the weather had changed, and that the crowd, which had gathered together in the morning, would soon disperse. He hoped therefore before night to be able to leave his house, and reach our camp in safety. Having arrived there, he wished to have an interview with Caesar, whom he hoped to join, and from whom he was anxious to obtain safety and assistance; for he hoped by his aid to attain to the highest rank and office in his own nation.
Tempestate iam mutata, multitudinem quae mane convenisset, mox dilapsuram esse cognovit. Sperabat igitur se fore ut ante noctem domo discedere ac pervenire ad castra nostra tuto posset. Quo cum pervenisset, convenire Caesarem volebat, ad quem se esse additurum sperabat et a quo securitatem auxiliumque consequi cupiebat. Suo enim auxilio consecuturum esse dignitatem ac magistratum summum in sua civitate sperabat.
Exercise 7A
1. I had rather keep my promises than be the richest man in the world.
Stare in promissis meis malo quam ditissimus gentium omnium esse.
2. I begin to be troublesome to you.
Molestus tibi ego fieri coepi.
3. Cease then to be cowards and begin to become patriots.
Desistite igitur esse ignavi ac cives optimi fieri incipite.
4. He resolved to return at once to Rome and become a good member of the state.
Romam statim redire ac fieri civis bonus visum est.
5. It seems that he was unwilling to become king, and preferred to be a private person.
Videtur fieri rex noluisse et privatus malebat.
6. It is said that by the verdict of the jury you had been freed from all blame.
Ferunt te sententiis iudicum liberatum esse omne culpa.
7. Having resolved to be a candidate for office, I ventured to return home and ask for your votes.
Ego, cum magistratum petere visum esset, domum redire ac poposcere vestra suffragia ausus sum.
8. We would rather die free than live (as) slaves.
Mori liberi malumus quam servi vivere.
9. There is a tradition that he refused to accept the crown (when) offered by the nation and (its) chief men.
Tradunt illum noluisse regnum a populo et principibus delatum accipere.
10. It was clear that the destined day was now at hand; but the townsmen were unwilling either to despair or to surrender.
Diem fatalem iam adesse apparebat, oppidani vero vel desperare vel se dedere nolebant.
11. He said that he had neither broken his word nor deceived the nation.
Negavit se vel fidem fefellisse vel civitatem decepisse.
12. The senate and people resolved that ambassadors should be sent to Pyrrhus.
Visum est senatui populoque legatos ad Pyrrhum mittere.
Exercise 7B
1. News was now brought to me that my brother, having been struck by a javelin, and exhausted by many serious wounds, was no longer able to either keep the saddle, or lead his men against the enemy. Having heard this, I was much affected, for I could neither hurry to him as I wished to do, nor did I expect that he would be able any longer to keep the enemy in check. It seemed, moreover, that the soldiers who were with me were losing heart, and it was said that the enemy was expecting large reinforcements before night, and would soon take the offensive. I resolved therefore to try to finish the matter by a single charge.
Est iam mihi nuntiatum fratrem meum iaculo percussum et multis vulneribus gravibus defessum, vel in equo haerere vel in hostes suos ducere non valere iam diutius. Qua re audita multum commotus sum, neque enim contendere, id quod facere volebam,
ad eum poteram, neque sperabam fore ut ille hostes continere diutius posset. Videbantur autem milites, qui mecum erant, animo deficere ac dicebantur hostes subsidia magna ante noctem exspectare et arma sua illaturi esse mox. Uno igitur impetu mihi conficere rem conari visum est.
2. Your brother was, he said, a man of kindly heart, and abounded in wealth and resources; and he was sure that he would never desert his friends, nor wish such a blow to be inflicted on his own relations.
Dixit fratrem tuum esse virum ingenio benigno ac divitiis opibusque abundare, et pro certo se habere neque amicis suis umquam defuturum esse neque se suos tanta calamitate affici velle.
3. It seems that he had resolved to become consul in that year, but that he pretended to be craving for repose and quiet.
Statuisse illo anno fieri consul videtur, sed simulavisse otium tranquillitatem desiderare.
4. He was unwilling, he replied, to despair, but would rather be in exile than be a slave.
Respondit se desperare nolle sed malle potius exsulare quam servire.
Exercise 8A
1. He said that he would never banish the good and the wise.
Negavit se bonos sapientesque umquam e civitate pulsurum esse.
2. We are all ignorant of much.
Multa omnes ignoramus.
3. He said that courage and cowardice were contrary to each other.
Virtutem et ignaviam inter se contrarias esse dixit.
4. It appears that he was banished with you, not by the dictator himself, but by a praiseworthy vote of the senate.
Non a dictatore ipso, senatus vero consulto laudabili videtur tecum e civitate pulsus esse.
5. He resolved to abandon the aristocratic and to join the popular party.
Ab optimatibus desciscere statuit et ad populares se adiungere.
6. He said that rashness and change of purpose were not to be praised.
Negavit temeritatem et inconstantiam laudandas esse.
7. He was an excellent youth, and a most faithful friend to me; he had much conversation with me that day about the future.
Erat adulscens egregius et mihi amicus fidelissimus de rebus futuris illo die mecum multa collocutus est.
8. Having returned to Rome, he promised to transact everything for his father.
Cum Romam rediisset, pro suo patre omnia se acturum est pollicitus.
9. The army was led by Hannibal through many pathless defiles, and across many broad rivers, many lofty mountains, and unhealthy marshes, into the country of the enemy.
Ab Hannibale per saltus multos inviosque et trans flumina multa latque et montes multos altosque et paludes pestilentes in hostium patriam exercitus ductus est.
10. You will scarcely venture to deny that duty was sometimes at variance with interest.
Negare officium cum utilitate aliquando pugnavisse vix audebis.
11. I know that your forefathers ventured on many glorious enterprises.
Scio maiores tuos illa praeclara ausos esse.
12. He makes many promises, many threats, but I believe that he will accomplish very little.
Multa pollicetur et multa minatur, sed ego perpauca eum confecturum esse credo.
Exercise 8B
1. You, said he, were meditating on the past; I was attempting to foretell the future. I now perceive that both you and I were mistaken.
Te de praeteritis cogitare dicebat et ego praedicere futura conabar, sed nunc intellego et me et te erravisse.
2. He tells (us) that he had been driven by these brothers, his deadly enemies, from his throne and native land; that they are persecuting with unjust proclamations and decrees all the well-affected, all the wise; that no one's property or good name is spared; that rich and poor are alike oppressed.
Nobis narrat et se regno ac patria expulsum esse ab his fratribus inimicis infestis suis, et quos iniquissimis edictis ac decretis bonos sapientesque omnes insectare et quod vel bonis nullis vell nulli nomini parci, et divites ac pauperes pariter vexari.
3. I hope to write a list of the many striking sayings of your grandfather.
Spero me dicta tui avi multa et praeclarissima perscripturum esse.
4. These objects, said he, did our forefathers pursue; these hopes did they form; these traditions they have handed down to posterity.
"Et haec," inquit, "nostri maiores secuti sunt, et haec speraverunt, et haec posteris tradiderunt."
5. It is allowed that many noble deeds were done by him.
Constat ab eo multa et praeclara facta esse.
6. I rejoice that you spoke little and thought much.
Te pauca dixisse et multa cogitavisse gaudeo.
7. It is said that many merchant vessels were shattered and sunk or driven on shore by many violent storms last winter.
Ferunt multae mercatorum naves proxima hieme multis et vehementibus tempestatibus esse vel perfractae vel demersae vel in litora eiectae.
Exercise 8C
1. He talked very little about the past; about the future his hopes were high, but he perceived that he was at variance on this question with many excellent men; and he preferred being silent to disagreeing with them. Neither you nor I can think that he was mistaken, for we know that his good sense, honesty, and courage were worthy of all praise.
Perpauca de praeteritis locutus est. Magna de futuris sperabat, sed sensit in hac causa pugnare cum multis viris optimis, quibuscum tacere quam dissentire malebat. Neque ego neque tu putare eum erravisse possumus, nos enim scimus laude omni dignam fuisse et prudentiam eius et probitatem et fortitudinem.
2. He promised to send me a letter on the 15th of March, and made many other fine pretences; but he has neither kept his promises, nor does he any longer venture to make a secret of having purposely broken his word.
Pollicitus est se ad me epistulam missurum esse Idibus Martiis atque ille multa et alia et pulchra est mentitus, sed neque promissis suis stetit neque dissimulare iam diutius audet se consulto fidem fefellisse.
3. He threatens, they say, to take from me all the distinctions which I have obtained from the senate and people of Rome; for myself, I hardly think he will succeed in this design.
Dicunt eum minari se omnes honores quos a senatu populoque Romano consecutus erim mihi adempturum esse; quod equidem consilium eum perfecturum esse puto vix.
4. He would rather, he replied, obey the most unjust laws than be at variance with true patriots and disagree with every sensible man.
Respondit fore ut mallet legibus iniustissimis parere quam cum bonis civibus pugnare et a prudentissimo quoque dissentire.
5. We scarcely dare to hope that your brother will return to Rome and imitate the noble acts of his forefathers; but all his contemporaries can guarantee that he will never desert his friends, or break his word, or join the enemies of his native land.
Vix audemus sperare Romam rediturum esse fratrem tuum et acta maiorum suorum praeclarissima imitaturum; aequales vero omnes possunt spondere vel a suis amicis defuturum vel fidem falsurum vel se hostibus patriae adiuncturum numquam.
Exercise 9A
1. He said that the management of other people's affairs was always exceedingly troublesome.
Dixit procurationem rerum alienarum semper molestissimum.
2. In this universal panic your brother was the first to recover himself.
In omnium pavore primus se recepit frater tuus.
3. I obeyed, said he, the law in my youth; I will not break it in my old age.
"Legibus," inquit, "parebam adulescens, senex non violabo."
4. I was the first to venture on these enterprises; I will be the last to relinquish them.
Haec ausus sum primus et ultimus omittam.
5. In his lifetime we neglected this poet; after his death we honour him with a state funeral, a marble tomb, many beautiful monuments, and every kind of distinction.
Eum poetam nelegebamus vivum, mortuum vero et funere publico et sepulcro marmoreo, et multis pulcherrimisque monumentis, et omni denique honore ornamus.
6. The king, having been the first to reach the summit of the mountain, looked down in silence on the fair plains spread beneath his eye (pl.).
Rex, cum ad summum montem pervenisset primus, tacitus campos amoenissimos in oculis subiectos despexit.
7. He turned to his companions and pointed out the farmhouse in which he had been born, and brought up in his boyhood; too late, said he, had fortune changed.
Ad suos adversus monstravit villam in qua erat natus et puer educatus. Dixit fortunam se mutavisse sero.
8. He promised to supply the army of Rome with food and clothing.
Pollicitus est se victum vestitumque exercitui Romano suppeditaturum esse.
9. I read through the whole of his proclamation in silence; it seemed to me that he who wrote and posted it up (when) written was out of his mind.
Tacitus hoc edictum totum perlegi; insanire mihi visus est qui scripsit et scriptum fixit.
10. He was unanimously acquitted with universal consent to the highest office in the nation.
Omnium iudicio absolutus domum tutus rediit; postero anno ad summum in civitiate magistratum omnium consensu adeptus est.
11. The soldiers, having gathered together in crowds, listened to his speech in silence.
Milites cum frequentes convenissent, orationem taciti audiebant.
12. I entrust myself wholly to your good faith and kindness.
Me totum fidei tuae et beneficio permitto.
13. No one can with a good conscience deny that your brother returned home in safety by a miraculous interposition.
Nemo pie negare fratrem tuum divinitus incolumem domum rediisse potest.
Exercise 9B
1. You (pl.) have come here manifestly with reluctance and you say that you will not wait any longer for the arrival of your friends, who will, you think, be far from secure in our camp. For myself, I have promised you again and again to say nothing about the past, and I have resolved both to pardon you, and to spare them. But you apparently expect that in the hour of triumph I shall break my word and act towards you and them with the height of treachery. I know that you can scarcely believe that I am speaking the truth, and that you are silently despairing both of your own and your children;s safety. What falsehood have I ever told? When have I ever broken my word?
Vos huc venisse invitos manifestum est et negatis vos diutius exspectaturos esse adventum vestrorum quos in castris nostris parum tutos fore putatis. Equidem saepissime pollicitus sum me de praeteritis nihil dicturum esse ac ego et tibi ignoscere et eis parcere decrevi. Vos vero videmini exspectare me hora victoriae fidem falsurum et perfidia in vobis eisque summa usurum esse. Scio vos vix posse credere me vera dicere, ac tacitos vos de salute et vestrorum et liberorum desperare. Quae mentitus sum umquam? Vbi fidem fefelli umquam?
2. It is said that the king himself was the only one of the whole of his army to ride in safety past the fatal marsh (pl.) and the first to reach the foot of the mountains, whence on the next day he mournfully and reluctantly led back his troops. He never again ventured to fgorm such high hopes or embark on great enterprises. It seemed that as he had been the first to hope for the best, so he was the first to abandon his undertaking; he preferred to appear fickle and cowardly rather than to bring ruin and destruction to his country.
Rex ipse dicitur solus ex toto exercitu paludes mortiferas tutus praetervectus esse et primus ad imos montes pervenisse unde postridie copias suas maestus invitusque reduxit. Nec umquam postea et summa sperare et illa magna moliri ausus est. Sicut optima sperare primus, ita primus visus est incepta sua omittere. Malebat levis ignavusque videri quam in civitatem suam inferre perniciem ac exitium.
Exercise 10
1. Those who were in agreement with you yesterday, to-day entirely disagree (with you).
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
2. Both you and I despise the one who would rather be a slave with riches than free with poverty.
Qui esse servus cum divitiis quam cum paupertate liber mavult, eum et ego et tu contemnimus.
3. We know that he, concerning whom you have told us this story, expects to attain to the highest offices, the greatest distinctions; but I hope that he will never obtain them, for I know the man.
De quo haec omnia nobis narravisti eum scimus summos ad magistratus se exspectare consecuturum et maximos ad honores; quos ego spero illum adepturum esse numquam, nam hominem novi.
4. I who repeatedly opposed you in your youth, will gladly come to your assistance in your old age and helplessness.
Ego, qui tibi iuveni persaepe obstabam, tibi seni et inopi libens subveniam.
5. I sent you the best and bravest foot-soldiers that I had with me; and having promised to send them back, you reluctantly kept your word.
Pedites quos optimos fortissimosque mecum habebam, ad te misi, tu autem, te remissurum pollicitus, fidem praestitisti invitus.
6. He ordered those standing by (him) to follow him; but they were dismayed by the shouts of those who were coming to meet (him). They first halted, and then suddenly scattered and fled in different directions.
Iussit eos qui prope illum erant sequi, ii vero clamoribus eorum qui factum illi obviam veniebant, sunt perterriti. Primum constiterunt et tum subito dilapsi in alias partes fugerunt.
7. The woman for whom you were seeking is present; I will therefore hear and dismiss her.
Quam petebas mulier adest; quam auditam ego dimittam.
8. The best institutions and laws you have set at nought, and this will be your ruin to-day.
Instituta et leges optimas contempsisti, quae res tibi exitio iam erit.
9. The things which I treated lightly in my boyhood, I value highly in my old age.
Quae parvi faciebam puer, senex ea magni aestimo.
10. I who was the last to come to your assistance on that occasion, will be the first to join you to-morrow.
Qui tibi tum subveni ultimus, primus ego me ad te cras adiungam.
Exercise 11
3. We know that he, concerning whom you have told us this story, expects to attain to the highest offices, the greatest distinctions; but I hope that he will never obtain them, for I know the man.
De quo haec omnia nobis narravisti eum scimus summos ad magistratus se exspectare consecuturum et maximos ad honores; quos ego spero illum adepturum esse numquam, nam hominem novi.
4. I who repeatedly opposed you in your youth, will gladly come to your assistance in your old age and helplessness.
Ego, qui tibi iuveni persaepe obstabam, tibi seni et inopi libens subveniam.
5. I sent you the best and bravest foot-soldiers that I had with me; and having promised to send them back, you reluctantly kept your word.
Pedites quos optimos fortissimosque mecum habebam, ad te misi, tu autem, te remissurum pollicitus, fidem praestitisti invitus.
6. He ordered those standing by (him) to follow him; but they were dismayed by the shouts of those who were coming to meet (him). They first halted, and then suddenly scattered and fled in different directions.
Iussit eos qui prope illum erant sequi, ii vero clamoribus eorum qui factum illi obviam veniebant, sunt perterriti. Primum constiterunt et tum subito dilapsi in alias partes fugerunt.
7. The woman for whom you were seeking is present; I will therefore hear and dismiss her.
Quam petebas mulier adest; quam auditam ego dimittam.
8. The best institutions and laws you have set at nought, and this will be your ruin to-day.
Instituta et leges optimas contempsisti, quae res tibi exitio iam erit.
9. The things which I treated lightly in my boyhood, I value highly in my old age.
Quae parvi faciebam puer, senex ea magni aestimo.
10. I who was the last to come to your assistance on that occasion, will be the first to join you to-morrow.
Qui tibi tum subveni ultimus, primus ego me ad te cras adiungam.
Exercise 11
Part A
N.B. In the following Exercise the italics indicate the use of the co-ordinating relative, 78, Note.
1. He pretended that he had met the man who had killed the king by poison.
1. He pretended that he had met the man who had killed the king by poison.
Simulavit se ei qui regem veneno interfecisset, obviam fecisse.
2. There is no one but knows that one who does not till his land will look in vain for a harvest.
Nemo est quin sciat eum qui agrum suum non colat, messam exspectaturum frustra.
3. The exiles believed that they had reached the locality from which (whence) their forefathers were sprung.
Credebant exsules ad ea loca unde maiores essent orti pervenisse.
4. I hope to avert this ruin from my country and therefore I am willing to venture on or endure anything.
Spero me a patria mea hoc exitium prohibiturum esse, quam ob rem quidvis et audere et perferre volo.
5. He promised to lead his troops into the country of the Remi, and (said) that he hoped he could soon recall them to their allegiance.
Pollicitus est se suas copias in Remorum fines ducturum esse, quos se sperare mox revocare ad fidem posse.
6. Having heard this, he perceived that the ambassadors spoke the truth and that the danger was increasing.
Hoc audito sensit legatos vera dicere et periculum crescere.
7. He said that he had never preferred expediency to duty, and (that) therefore he would not abandon allies whom he had promised to succour.
Negavit se utilitatem honestati umquam praeposuise quam ob rem numquam deserturum socios quibus subventurum se pollicitus esset.
8. Having ascertained this fact, he promised to break up the crowd which had gathered around the king's palace.
Qua re cognita pollicitus est se multitudinem quae circum domum regiam congregata esset dissipaturum.
9. He pretended that that it was not for the sake of gain but of friendship that he had given me all the books which his brother had left.
Simulavit se omnes libros a fratre relictos non emolumenti sed amicitiae causa mihi dedisse.
Simulavit se omnes libros a fratre relictos non emolumenti sed amicitiae causa mihi dedisse.
10. He said that the friends for whom you were looking round were all safe, and therefore that he for his part was free from anxiety.
Dixit amicos quos circumspiceres tuto esse, quam ob rem se quidem securum.
Dixit amicos quos circumspiceres tuto esse, quam ob rem se quidem securum.
11. He pretends to reject glory, which is the most honourable reward of true virtue.
Se repudiare gloriam quae virtutis verae fructus sit honestatissimum simulat.
Se repudiare gloriam quae virtutis verae fructus sit honestatissimum simulat.
12. All the world knows that the moon moves round the earth.
Nemo est quin lunam circummoveri tellurem sciat.
Exercise 42
1. Mithridates, who in a single day had butchered so many citizens of Rome, had now been on the throne two and twenty years from that date.
Mithridates, qui uno die tot cives Romanos trucidaverat, abhinc duos et viginti annos iam regnabat.
2. It seems that here too the swallows are absent in the winter months. I at least have seen not a single one for the last three weeks.Hic quoque hiemem hirundines abesse videntur; ego certe ne unam quidem hos viginti dies vidi.
3. He died at the age of three and thirty. When less than thirty years old he had already performed achievements unequalled by any of his predecessors or successors.Annos tres et triginta natus excessit e vita; cum nondum triginta annos haberet, tantas res quantas ne unus quidem gesserat eorum qui vel ante vel post eum regnabant.
4. The famine is becoming sorer daily. Exhausted by daily toil (pl.), we shall soon be compelled to discontinue the sallies which up to this day we have made both by night and by day. Day after day we look in vain for the arrival of our troops.
Gravior fit fames in singulos dies; nobis, laboribus cotidianis defatigatis, eruptiones, quas et nocturnas et diurnas, usque ad hunc diem fecimus, intermittendae brevi tempore erunt. Adventum copiarum nostrarum diem de die desideramus.
Nemo est quin lunam circummoveri tellurem sciat.
Exercise 11
Part B
1. He pretended that he had met the man who had killed the king by poison.
Simulavit se ei qui regem veneno interfecisset, obviam fecisse.
2. There is no one but knows that one who does not till his land will look in vain for a harvest.
Nemo est quin sciat eum qui agrum suum non colat, messam exspectaturum frustra.
3. The exiles believed that they had reached the locality from which (whence) their forefathers were sprung.
Credebant exsules ad ea loca unde maiores essent orti pervenisse.
4. I hope to avert this ruin from my country and therefore I am willing to venture on or endure anything.
Spero me a patria mea hoc exitium prohibiturum esse, quam ob rem quidvis et audere et perferre volo.
5. He promised to lead his troops into the country of the Remi, and (said) that he hoped he could soon recall them to their allegiance.
Pollicitus est se suas copias in Remorum fines ducturum esse, quos se sperare mox revocare ad fidem posse.
6. Having heard this, he perceived that the ambassadors spoke the truth and that the danger was increasing.
Hoc audito sensit legatos vera dicere et periculum crescere.
7. He said that he had never preferred expediency to duty, and (that) therefore he would not abandon allies whom he had promised to succour.
Negavit se utilitatem honestati umquam praeposuise quam ob rem numquam deserturum socios quibus subventurum se pollicitus esset.
8. Having ascertained this fact, he promised to break up the crowd which had gathered around the king's palace.
Qua re cognita pollicitus est se multitudinem quae circum domum regiam congregata esset dissipaturum.
9. He pretended that that it was not for the sake of gain but of friendship that he had given me all the books which his brother had left
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
10. He said that the friends for whom you were looking round were all safe, and therefore that he for his part was free from anxiety.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
11. He pretends to reject glory, which is the most honourable reward of true virtue.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
12. All the world knows that the moon moves round the earth.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
Qui tecum sentiebant heri, hodie ii toti dissentiunt.
1. Mithridates, who in a single day had butchered so many citizens of Rome, had now been on the throne two and twenty years from that date.
Mithridates, qui uno die tot cives Romanos trucidaverat, abhinc duos et viginti annos iam regnabat.
2. It seems that here too the swallows are absent in the winter months. I at least have seen not a single one for the last three weeks.Hic quoque hiemem hirundines abesse videntur; ego certe ne unam quidem hos viginti dies vidi.
3. He died at the age of three and thirty. When less than thirty years old he had already performed achievements unequalled by any of his predecessors or successors.Annos tres et triginta natus excessit e vita; cum nondum triginta annos haberet, tantas res quantas ne unus quidem gesserat eorum qui vel ante vel post eum regnabant.
4. The famine is becoming sorer daily. Exhausted by daily toil (pl.), we shall soon be compelled to discontinue the sallies which up to this day we have made both by night and by day. Day after day we look in vain for the arrival of our troops.
Gravior fit fames in singulos dies; nobis, laboribus cotidianis defatigatis, eruptiones, quas et nocturnas et diurnas, usque ad hunc diem fecimus, intermittendae brevi tempore erunt. Adventum copiarum nostrarum diem de die desideramus.
5. He promised to be by my side by the first of June; but for the last ten years I have never once known him to be present in good time.
Ille pollicitus est se mihi ad Kalendas Iunias praesto fore; hos decem annos numquam cognovi ne semel quidem ad tempus adesse.
Ille pollicitus est se mihi ad Kalendas Iunias praesto fore; hos decem annos numquam cognovi ne semel quidem ad tempus adesse.
6. Nearly three years ago I said that I had never yet seen any one who surpassed your brother in character or ability, but in the last two years he seems to be growing daily sterner and harsher, and I no longer value him as highly as I did before.
7. I saw your father about three weeks after his return from India. Years had not yet dulled the keenness of his intellect or the vigour of his spirit; in spite of his advancing years, he had been in command of an army within the last six months, and had won a great victory.
8. Misled by a mistake in the date, I thought you had stayed at Athens more than six months.
9. I have spoken enough on this question, and will detain you no longer; six months ago I might have spoken at greater length.
Exercise 43
1. Next to heaven, I ascribed this great favour mainly to you and your children.
Quod tantum beneficium tibi potissimum liberisque tuis secundum deos immortales acceptum rettuli.1. Next to heaven, I ascribed this great favour mainly to you and your children.
2. I hope that when once he has reached Rome he will stay in my house.
3. It seems that this year is destined for the ruin of the nation.
4. He is generally believed to be free from blame, and no one supposes that such a good patriot would have done anything unconstitutionally.
5. He drew up his line on the other side of the Danube. Our men, who had now for some time been marching along the river, halted close to the other bank opposite the enemies' camp.
6. You had my leave to return home to your friends in London. Whether you have gone away or no depends on yourself.
7. There is this difference between you and others: with them my client has, thanks to his many services to the nation, great weight; with you, for the same reason, he has absolutely none.
8. It seems that he invited your son to supper with him three days from that time at his house. Since that date none of his friends has seen him anywhere.
9. The enemy had now disembarked, and had come within the reach of the missiles. Our men hurled their javelins and tried to drive their opponents back to the ships.
10. Such was their joy for the present, such their hopes for the future, that no one suspected the real state of affairs.
11. Having inveighed against me with the utmost fury, he sat down. In answer to his long speech I made a very few remarks.
12. Having ridden past the many tall trees which stood along the road, I halted at last close to the gate.
Exercise 44
1. In the midst of this dire confusion and tumult, the emperor was seen with his staff on the left wing. He was now free from care about the enemy's cavalry, and his words of encouragement were drowned in shouts of joy and triumph.
Princeps in hac tanta trepidatione ac tumultu cum suis legatis a cornu sinistro conspectus est. De hostium equitatu iam erat securus et adhortans vox prae exsultantium et lactantium vix audiri potuit.1. In the midst of this dire confusion and tumult, the emperor was seen with his staff on the left wing. He was now free from care about the enemy's cavalry, and his words of encouragement were drowned in shouts of joy and triumph.
2. I fear that it is all over with our army; for ten successive days there has been the greatest want of provisions. In front, in flank, in rear, enemies are threatening (them). All the neighbouring tribes are in arms; on no side is there any prospect of aid. Yet, for myself, in the face of these great dangers, I am unwilling wholly to despair.
Ne de exercitu nostro actum sit vereor, maxima enim (per) hos decem dies fuit frumenti inopia. A fronte, a latere, a tergo instant hostes et omnes nationes finitimae sunt in armis et spes auxili nusquam; ego tamen in his tantis periculis in summa re desperare nolo.
3. Immediately after the battle they bring out and slay prisoners; they begin with the general. None are spared; all are butchered to a man.
Confestim a proelio captivos eductos occidunt. A duce incipiunt et nulli parcitur; trucidantur omnes ad unum.
4. I will begin, then, with you. You pretend that your countrymen are fighting for their homes and hearths; and yet you avow that they have repeatedly made raids upon our territory, and wasted our land with fire and sword without provocation or resistance.
Incipiam igitur a te. Tu simulas tuos cives pro aris et focis pugnare; idem prae te tu fers eos saepissime in fines nostros incursiones fecisse ac patriam et ferro et igni nostram lacessente nullo et repugnante vastavisse.
5. I have known this young man from a boy; both his father and he have again and again in my father's lifetime stayed under our roof. I esteem him most highly.
Adulescentem a puero novi; et is et pater suus apud nos saepissime commorati sunt vivo patre meo. Eum aestimo maximi.
6. In virtue of the power with which my countrymen have entrusted me, I intend to reward all who have deserved well of the nation; the rest I shall punish in proportion to their crime.
Ego pro potestate mohi a meis civibus permissa omnes qui de re publica bene meriti sunt praemiis affecturus sum; de ceteris poenas pro sceleribus sumam.
7. I will aid you to the utmost of my power; but I fear that it is all over with your hopes.
Tibi quantam in me erit opem feram, sed ne sit de spe tua actum vereor.
8. I should be sorry to disappoint you, but I fear that your brother has returned without result.
De tua spe te deicere nolim, sed vereor ne frater tuus re infecta redierit.
9. Considering the greatness of the danger, he displayed great courage, and we ought all to show him gratitude in proportion to his many services to us and to the nation.
Fortissime ut in tam trepida se gessit et nos omnes ei gratiam pro tot merita in nos ac rem publicam referre debemus.
10. We should all of us look at what is before our eyes; to depend on the future is useless.
Videre quae sunt in oculis nostris nos omnes oportet; pendere e rebus futuris prodest nihil.Exercise 45
1. Those friends of yours are in the habit of finding fault with the men, the institutions, and the manners of the present day, and of sighing for, and sounding the praises of, the good times; possibly you yourself have sometimes fallen into that mistake.
1. Those friends of yours are in the habit of finding fault with the men, the institutions, and the manners of the present day, and of sighing for, and sounding the praises of, the good times; possibly you yourself have sometimes fallen into that mistake.
Solent isti amici et horum homines et horum instituta et horum mores temporum vituperare ac desiderare et ferre laudibus antiquitatem illam; tu ipse potes fieri ut in istum errorem nonnumquam incideris.
2. There is the greatest disagreement on the political matters in my house; some of use wish everything changed, others nothing. For myself, I believe neither of the two parties to be in the right.
Maximum de re publica dissentitur apud me; alii omnia, alii nihil mutari volumus. Ego neque hos neque illos recte sentire credo\.
3. He always showed himself proof against these perils, these bugbears; do not you then appear unworthy of your noble fathers.
Ille adversus haec pericula et hos terrores se semper gessit invictum; tu tuis maioribus, viris praeclaris, noli videri indignus.
4. Of this at least I am convinced, that that belief of yours as to the antiquity of this custom is groundless; it is for you to consider its origin.
Hoc certe mihi persuasum habeo, falsam esse istam opinionem huius moris antiquitatis; unde orta sit tu videris.
5. The saying of Caesar is pretty well known, that chance has the greatest influence in war.
Notum est illud Caesaris, in bello plurimum valere Fortunam.
6. When just on the point of pleading his cause, my client was ready to be reconciled with the defendant; and this design he accomplished.
Causam iam tum dicturus, voluit hic quem defendo cum isto in gratiam redire, quam rem confecit.
7. To the question why he preferred being an exile to living in his own home, the other replied that he could not return yet without violating the law, (and) must wait for the king's death.
Interroganti cur potius exsulare quam apud se habitare mallet, respondit ille se nondum redire posse quin leges violataret*, ac sibi mortem regis exspectandam esse.
*legibus salvis
8. This only, it is said, is true wisdom: to command oneself.
Hanc demum dicunt esse sapientiam veram: sibi imperare.
9. I value my own reputation more highly than you (do) yours, but I am ready to sacrifice my freedom to that of the nation.
Meam ego existimationem pluris aestimo quam tuam tu, sed meam ego libertatem posthabere rei publicae volo.
10. I who twenty years ago never quailed even before the bravest foe, now in the face of an inconsiderable danger am alarmed for my own safety and that of my children.
Qui abhinc annos viginti ne fortissimum quidem inimicum pertimescebam numquam, ego in periculo parum gravi meae salutati ac liberorum nunc timeo.
11. To those who asked why they refused to comply with the royal caprice, they replied that they were not men to quail before pain or danger.
Interrogantibus cur obsequi libidini regiae nollent, responderunt ii se non esse eos qui vel dolorem vel periculum pertimescerent.
12. You have been praised by an excellent man, it is true, but by one most unversed in these matters.
Laudatus quidem es a viro optimo, imperitissimo autem harum rerum.
Exercise 47
1. Do not, says he, be angry with anyone, not to mention your brother, without adequate grounds.
1. Do not, says he, be angry with anyone, not to mention your brother, without adequate grounds.
"Ne cui," inquit, "nullis causis iustis sis iratus, ne fratri dicam."
2. Scarcely any one can realise the extent and nature of this disaster, and perhaps it can never be retrieved.
Cuiusvis est vix posse sentire qualis ac quanta sit haec calamitas quae forsitan sanari numquam possit.
3. Your present disaster might have befallen anyone, but it seems to me that you have been somehow more unlucky than any of your contemporaries.
Casus iste cuilibet accidisse potest, sed mihi videris tu tuis aequalibus ullo fuisse nescio quo pacto infelicior.
4. No one ever attained to any such goodness without, so to speak, some divine inspiration, and no one ever sank to such a depth of wickedness without any consciousness of his own guilt.
Numquam est ullus ad quasquam virtutes adeptus sine quodam afflatu divino, nec quisquam nullo sensu sceleris sui ad tantam nequitiam descendit umquam.
5. Some believed that after the defeat of Cannae the very name of Rome would disappear, and no one imagined that the nation would have so soon recovered from so crushing a calamity.
Credebant aliqui ipsum nomen Romanum post cladem Cannensem exstinctum iri*, nec quisquam putabat rem publicam tam brevi tempore e tanto tamque gravi calamitate esse emersuram.
*aliqui futurum esse/fore ut ipsum...exstingueretur.
6. It seems to me, to express myself with more accuracy, that this nation has long been advancing in learning and civilisation, not of its own impulse, but what may be called divine aide.
Mihi videtur ut ita verius dicam, hanc civitatem iamdiu doctiorem atque humaniorem esse factam nec sua sponte sed quodam auxilio divino.
7. Some one of his countrymen once said that my client was naturally disposed to laziness and timidity; to me it seems that he is daily becoming somehow braver, firmer, and more uncomplaining under any toil or danger.
Nescio quis civium eius quando est locutus hunc quem defendam esse natura ignaviorem timidioremque, at mihi videtur in singulos dies fieri nescio quo modo fortior ac durior ac cuiuslibet laboris et periculi patientior.
8. In the army that was investing Veii was a Roman citizen who had been induced to have a conference with one or other of the townsmen. He warned him that a terrible disaster was threatening the army and people of Rome, and that scarcely a soul would return home in safety.
Quidam civis Romanus in eo exercitu qui Veios obsidebat ad colloquendum cum nescio quo oppidanorum adductus, ab illo est monitus tanta tamque gravi calamitate exercitum populumque Romanum instari ac domum rediturum vix ullum securum.
Exercise 48
Part A
1. Human beings pursue various objects; of these brothers, the one devoted himself to the same tastes and studies as his distinguished father, the other entered political life in quite early manhood.
1. Human beings pursue various objects; of these brothers, the one devoted himself to the same tastes and studies as his distinguished father, the other entered political life in quite early manhood.
Homines alius aliis student; horum fratrum alter operam eisdem studiis et artibus ac suus pater praeclarus dabat, alter se ad rem publicam admodum adulescens contulit.
2. Your judgment in this matter has been quite different from mine. You might have shown yourself a true patriot, and lived in freedom in a free country; you preferred riches and pleasure to the toil and danger which freedom involves.
Hanc rem iudicavisti aliter atque ego. Tu te praebere potuisti civem optimum atque habitare in patria libera liberum, at tu divitias et voluptates anteposuisti laboribus et periculis, quae libertatis est.
3. All of these men in different ways did good service to the human race; all of them preferred being of use to their neighbours to studying their own interest.
Hic quisque in omnes homines merita aliter agebat; qui omnes usui suis esse quam suis consulere malebant.
4. We have different aims; some are devoted to wealth, others to pleasure; others place happiness in holding office, in power, in the administration of the state, others again in popularity, interest, influence.
Quisque nostrum alius alia petit itaque alii divitiis, alii voluptatibus operam dant, alii magistratu sunt beati, alii potestate habenda, alii re publica gubernanda, alii denique favore et gratia et auctoritate.
5. Hearing this, the soldiers began to look at each other, and to wonder silently what the general wished them to do, and why he was angry with them rather than with himself.
Quo audito milites inter se spectare et taciti quid dux eos facere vellet mirari et cur eis potius quam sibi irasceretur.
6. You pay me compliments in every other word, at the same time you tax me with the foulest treachery. I would like you to remember that speaking the truth is one thing, speaking pleasantly another.
Quoque verbo alio collaudas tu me, idem me tu insimulas perfidiae turpissimae. Te meminisse velim aliud vera, aliud iucunda dicere.
7. The enemy now fled in opposite directions. Of the fugitives the greater part were slain, the rest threw down their arms and were taken prisoners to a man. Few asked for quarter, none obtained it.
Iam fugere hostes diversi, quorum fugitivorum pars maior occisa, ceteri armis traditis ad unum sunt capti. Vt sibi parcerentur precati sunt pauci nec quisquam impetravit.
8. We, most of us, came to a stand, looking silently at each other, and wondering which of us would be the first to speak. But Laelius and I held our peace, each waiting for the other.
Plerique nostrum constiterunt et taciti inter se spectabamus mirantes quis nostrum esset dicturus primus. Sed et ego et Laelius alter alterum exspectantes nos conticuimus.
9. After raising two armies they attack the enemy's camp with one; with the other they guard the city. The former returned without success, and a sudden panic attacked the latter.
Duobus exercitibus conscriptis, hostium castra oppugnant altero, altero urbem defendunt. Illi infecta re redierunt, hos pavor repentinus occupavit.
Exercise 48
Part B
1. As a nation we praise the poet whom as individuals we neglected.
Poetam quem singuli negleximus, nos laudamus universi.
2. All true patriots and wise men are on our side, and we would fain have those whom we love and admire hold the same sentiments as ourselves.
A nobis optimus quisque ac sapiens stat et velimus eos quos nos amamus admiramurque eadem sentire ac nos.
3. Men are valued by their countrymen in proportion to their public usefulness. This man was at once a brave soldier and a consummate statesman; for both reasons therefore he enjoyed the highest praise and distinction.
Vt quisque maximi aestimatur a suis civibus, ita civitati usui est*; idem enim hic erat miles fortissimus, idem rei publicae gubernandae peritissimus, propter utramque causam laude summa et honoribus florebat.
*Quo quisque maioris aestimatur a suis civibus, eo magis civitati usui est;
4. It is often the case that men are talkative and obstinate in exact proportion to their folly and inexperience.
Saepe fit ut quanto quisque sit loquacior ac pertinacior, tanto sultior ac imperitior.
5. It is a hackneyed saying that all weak characters crave for different things at different times.
Tritum est illud, quemque levissimum alium alia alium alio tempore desiderare.
6. It now seemed that the enemy would attack our camp at the first possible opportunity, but that at the same time they were afraid of losing many men.
Iam quidem visi sunt hostes castra nostra primo quoque tempore oppugnaturos, sed idem ne plurimi interficerentur vereri.
7. We are one by one deserting and abandoning the man who saved us all.
Deserimus ac desumus singuli viro ipsi qui unum quemque nostrum servavit.
8. All good patriots are, I believe, convinced of this, that it is quite impossible for us to effect anything by hesitation, procrastination and hanging back. I therefore feel sure that there is need of haste rather than of deliberation.
Cuique optimo, credo, persuasum habere illud: nullo modo fieri posse ut nos aliquid et dubitando et cunctando et nobis retinendis efficere possimus. Qua de causa equidem certo scio potius properare quam deliberare opus.
9. He found a difficulty in persuading his countrymen that their enemies and allies were powerless separately, most powerful in combination.
Civibus suis aegre persuasit illud: hostes utrique ac socii utrique nihil, at plurimum posse ambo.
10. Thereupon all, each in turn, answered the consul's questions; and the greater part besought the senate, appealing to the whole body and to individuals, that one or both the consuls should at the earliest opportunity bring them relief.
Consuli interroganti unus quisque tum respondit, quorum omnium pars maior universos singulosque obtestata senatum oravit ut consul alter ambove sibi primo quoque tempore succurrerent.
Exercise 49
1. He ought voluntarily to have endured exile, or else died on the field of battle, or done anything rather than this.
Isti ultro ferendum fuit exsilium, vel in proelio moriendum vel quodlibet potius quam hoc faciendum.
2. Ought we not to return thanks to men to whom we are under an obligation?
Nonne gratiae a nobis agendae eis quibus debendae?
3. The soldiers should have been ordered to cease from slaughter, and to slay no un-armed person; women at least and children ought to have been spared, to say nothing of the sick and wounded.
a. Militibus fuit desinere occidere iubendum ac nullum inermem interficere;
b. Militibus fuit ut desinant occidere imperandum ac nullum inermem interficiant;
--mulieribus quidem ac liberis parcendum fuit, ne aegros vulneratosque dicam.
4. I do not object to your exposing your own person to danger, but you ought in the present emergency to be careful for your soldiers' safety.
Non recuso obicere periculis te, idem a te militibus in tali tempore cavendum est.
5. This is what one so sensible as yourself should have done, and not left that undone.
Tibi homini prudentissimo hoc fuit faciendum, quod non omittendum.
6. Seeing that he must either retreat, or come into collision on the morrow with a far from contemptible enemy, he decided on forming line and fighting at once.
Ille cum videret aut sibi pedem referendum, aut die proximo cum haud contemnendo hoste esse confligendum, acie instructa statim pugnare constituit.
7. Nor should we listen to men who tell us that we ought to be angry with a friend who refuses to flatter and fawn upon us.
Neque ii qui nobis dicunt amico assentari et non adulari recusanti esse a nobis irascendum, nobis audiendi sunt.
8. Your son was wise enough not to be persuaded to think that the matter should or could be forgotten.
Filio tuo sapientissimo homini non persuaderi poterat ut putaret rem obliviscendam aut oblivisci posse.
9. We shall all have to die one day: when and how each will have to meet the common and universal doom, is beyond the power of the wisest of mankind to foresee or to foretell.
Nobis aliquando moriendum est omnibus: quando et quomodo uni cuique commune fatum omnium sit obeundum, vel providere vel praedicere ne sapientissimus quidem homo non potest.